The European Gray Wolf
The European wolf Canis lupus lupus, also known as the common gray wolf, was the first identified subspecies of the gray wolf. It was described
by Carl Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae, in 1758.
HABITAT
It once inhabited most all of Europe and Asia. And though it still covers the greatest range among all gray wolf subspecies, it is now limited to mainly Central Asia.
The size of their territories depends on the abundance of food and water. They are very adaptable to different environments.
CHARACTERISTICS
On average, European gray wolves weigh from 70 to 130 pounds and can measure up to 39 inches at shoulder height. They can vary in length from 40 to 65 inches with females about
twenty per cent smaller than males. Their fur is known to be shorter and more dense as compared to the North American wolf. Their colors range from white, cream, red, grey and
black, sometimes with all colors combined.
DIET
Gray wolves feed on ungulates and rodents, fruits, berries, and fish. Depending on availability of prey, gray wolves may or may not hunt in packs.
BREEDING
Breeding seasons vary from January in low latitudes to April in high latitudes. The female will give birth to 4-7 pups after 61-63 days of gestation. To maintain the strength
of the pack, only the dominant pair mate. However, all members of the pack are involved in raising the young.
STATUS
Mortality factors affecting wolves include persecution by humans, killing by other wolves, diseases, parasites, starvation, and
injuries by prey. The average lifespan in the wild is between 7 and 10 years.
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